Melchizedek, or in some translations Malki-Tzedek, literally means my king. Because the tzedek means righteous or just, many scholars have wrongly translated his name to mean just king or righteous king, writes John J. Parsons.Salem also derives from the term Shalom, which means peace. Melchizedek priesthood (Latter Day Saints). [77], Thus according to Jewish legend, confusion over Melchizedek being both King and Priest is solved by knowing that Shem was also a progenitor of the Davidic Monarchy, which descended from both Judah and Tamar, who was sentenced to 'death by fire' when accused of committing prostitution as the daughter of high priest Shem.[78]. Chazalic literature unanimously identify Melchizedek as Shem son of Noah (Targum Yonathan to Genesis chapter 14, Genesis Rabbah 46:7, Babylonian Talmud to Tractate Nedarim 32b). In an era of paganism and idolatry, Melchizedek clung to God Most High and served him faithfully. 17 After Abram returned from defeating Kedorlaomer and the kings allied with him, the king of Sodom came out to meet him in the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the Kings Valley). Melchizedek's next awesome title is "King of Peace." (Later, the Hebrews adapted another Canaanite name as an appellation for God.). When Abraham was returning home after winning a great battle against the kings, Melchizedek met him and blessed him. The narrative of Genesis 14 is part of the larger story telling how Abram returns from defeating king Chedorlaomer and meets with Bera the king of Sodom,[14] at which point: And Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine: and he was [is] the priest of the most high God. Try it FREE right now! . [50], The Genesis Apocryphon (1QapGen) repeats information from Genesis. Those who escaped fled to the mountains, including the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah. 110:4), and so Jesus plays the role of the king-priest once and for all. Question: In this week's Torah portion, after Abraham 's victorious return from battle, we read:" Melchizedek the king of Salem brought out bread and wine, and he was a priest to the Most High God. Astour (1966) identified the remaining two kings of the Chedorlaomer texts with Tukulti-Ninurta I of Assyria (see Arioch) and with the Chaldean Merodach-baladan (see Amraphel). The Dead Sea is also called the "east sea" in Ezekiel 47:18 (Compare Joel 2:20), Bahr Lut (the Sea of Lut) in Arabic, and Lake Asphaltites in the works of Josephus. And he blessed him, and said, 'Blessed be Abram to the most high God, possessor of heaven and earth, And blessed be the most high God, which hath delivered thine enemies into thy hand'. Tablets were known in which the initial symbol for Hammurabi, pronounced as kh to yield Khammurabi, had been dropped, so that Ammurapi was a viable pronunciation. 17 After his return from the defeat of Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, the king of Sodom went out to meet him at the Valley of Shaveh (that is, the King's Valley). Lack, R. "Les origines de Elyon, le Trs-Haut, dans la tradition cultuelle dIsrael". [17][20][21], The main trade route between Ashur and Kanesh running between the Tigris and Euphrates passed through Harran. According to the writer of Hebrews (7:13-17) Jesus is considered a priest in the order of Melchizedek because, like Melchizedek, Jesus was not a descendant of Aaron, and thus would not qualify for the Jewish priesthood under the Law of Moses. Monotheism, or worship of one god, was rare in the ancient world. And he [Abram] gave him a tithe of all" (Genesis 14:18-20 Genesis 14:18-20 [18] And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God. [10], Trade between the Harappan culture of India and the Jemdet Nasr flourished between c. 20001700 BCE. 10Now the Valley of Siddim(Y) was full of tar(Z) pits, and when the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah(AA) fled, some of the men fell into them and the rest fled to the hills. Other scholars go a step further, theorizing that Melchizedek may have been a theophany of Christ or a manifestation of deity in temporary form. Abram recovered all the goods and the captives (including Lot). All rights reserved worldwide. [26][27], Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, the Book of Jubilees, Josephus, Philo of Alexandria, and Rashi all read Abram as the giver of the tithe to Melchizedek. Send inquiries regarding the operation of this Web site to webmaster@ucg.org. Psalm 110, in referring to a future messiah of the Davidic line, alludes to the priest-king Melchizedek as a prototype of this messiah. The Battle of the Vale of Siddim, also often called the War of Nine Kings or the Slaughter of Chedorlaomer, is an event in the Hebrew Bible book of Genesis 14:117 that occurs in the days of Abram and Lot. If you found this helpful, please consider supporting our work. 7:3 states, "Without father or mother, without genealogy, without beginning of days or end of life, like the Son of God he (Melchizedek) remains a priest forever." Salem would become one of the most significant seaports trading commodities in early American history.. Today Salem is a residential and tourist area that is home to the His willing sacrifice for our sins uniquely qualified Him for this crucial role. . And praise be to God Most High, who delivered your enemies into your hand." However, the available evidence seems consistent with the following hypothesis: A Jew in Babylon, versed in Akkadian language and cuneiform script, found in an early version of the Chedorlaomer texts certain things consistent with his anti-Babylonian feelings. [4] Although the Book of Genesis affirms that Melchizedek was "priest of God Most High" (Genesis 14:18), the Midrash and Babylonian Talmud maintain that the priesthood held by Melchizedek, who pre-dated the patriarch Levi by five generations (Melchizedek pre-dates Aaron by six generations; Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Levi, Kehoth, Amram, Aaron), was given in his stead to Abraham who, in turn, passed it on to his patrilineal descendants, Isaac and then to Jacob. Yet it is the book of Hebrews that gives us the strongest evidence. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. As this is the only part of Genesis which seems to set Abraham in wider political history, it seemed to many 19th and early 20th century exegetes and Assyriologists to offer an opening to date Abraham, if the kings in question could only be identified. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The common denominator between these four rulers is that each of them, independently, occupied Babylon, oppressed it to a greater or lesser degree, and took away its sacred divine images, including the statue of its chief god Marduk; furthermore, all of them came to a tragic endAll attempts to reconstruct the link between the Chedorlaomer texts and Genesis 14 remain speculative. What Abram accepted from Bera instead was food for his 318 men and his Amorite neighbours. Moriah / m r a / (Hebrew: , Modern: Mryya, Samaritan: ; Arabic: , Marwah) is the name given to a mountainous region in the Book of Genesis, where the binding of Isaac by Abraham is said to have taken place. Consider that Melchizedek means "King of Righteousness." If Hammurabi were deified in his lifetime or soon after (adding -il to his name to signify his divinity), this would produce something close to the Bible's Amraphel. For it is declared: "You are a priest forever, in the order of Melchizedek. (Genesis Rabbah 43:6.) [63] Assuming the premise that Melchizedek was Shem, he would have been 465 years old at the time and Abram was 75 years of age.[62]. Hebrews chapter 7 verses 2 and 4 in the New Testament state that the patriarch Abraham gave a tenth of the spoil to Melchizedek. For Abraham to recognize the authority and authenticity of a Canaanite priest-king is startling and has no parallel in biblical literature. Because of this, there is a limited range of time periods that match the Geopolitical context of Genesis 14. In the New Testament, references to Melchizedek appear only in the Epistle to the Hebrews, though these are extensive (Hebrews 5:6, 10; 6:20; 7:1, 10, 11, 15, 17, 21). The Midrash records that Shem functioned as kohen gadol (high priest) in that he taught Torah to the Patriarchs before it was publicly given at Mount Sinai, while the official title of High Priest was conferred upon Aaron after the erection of the Tabernacle. 7 For this () Melchizedek, king of () Salem, priest of () the Most High God, met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings and blessed him, 2 and to him Abraham apportioned a tenth part of everything. (CCC 1544). In the period of Old Babylon, c 18221764 BCE, Rim Sin I (Eri-Aku) brought together kings of Syro-Anatolia whose kingdoms were located on the Euphrates in a coalition focused on Mari whose king was Shamsi Adad. It is interesting to note that Melchizedek greeted Abraham with bread and wine, later to become the symbols of Jesus Christ's Passover sacrifice of His body and blood. The Zohar (redacted by Moses de Len c.1290s) finds in "Melchizedek king of Salem" a reference to "the King Who rules with complete sovereignty". Updates? Josephus refers to Melchizedek as a "Canaanite chief" in War of the Jews, but as a priest in Antiquities of the Jews. Around 2,000 years later, Jesus addressed the Father as "Lord of heaven and earth.". 5In the fourteenth year, Kedorlaomer(I) and the kings allied with him went out and defeated the Rephaites(J) in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzites in Ham, the Emites(K) in Shaveh Kiriathaim 6and the Horites(L) in the hill country of Seir,(M) as far as El Paran(N) near the desert. For example, in a letter from about 1770 BCE[10] reporting a speech aimed at persuading the nomadic tribes to acknowledge the authority of Zimri-Lim of Mari: There is no king who can be mighty alone. [69] Leviticus Rabbah maintains that God intended to permanently bring forth the priesthood (Kehuna) through Melchizedek's patrilineal descendants, but since Melchizedek preceded Abram's blessing to that of God,[70] God instead chose to bring the priesthood (kehuna) forth from Abram's descendants. ", Jack Zavada is a writer who covers the Bible, theology, and other Christianity topics. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Learn Religions. King Gizzard and the Lizard Wizard Tease First Double LP With 18-Minute Single Omnium Gatherum features new material plus outtakes from the bands previous projects . Without father, without mother, without Yerusalem disebut Urualim dalam surat Amarna dari Abdi-Heba (tahun 1330-an SM).. Nama "Yerusalem" dengan berbagai cara ditelusuri etimologinya dengan arti "fondasi (dari kata Sumeria yeru The priesthood is referred to by the name of Melchizedek because he was such a great high priest (Doctrine & Covenants Section 107:2). 4:14). Rabbi Meir Simcha argues that continued speech of this sort was a common form of prophetic expression.[b]. The child came out from his mother after she had died and sat on the bed beside her corpse, already physically developed, clothed, speaking and blessing the Lord, and marked with the badge of priesthood. The name Melchizedek means king of justice, and king of Salem means king The alliance of four states would have ruled over cities/countries that were spread over a wide area: from Elam at the extreme eastern end of the Fertile Crescent to Anatolia at the western edge of this region. Corrections? The Talmud Bavli attributes him (Shem and his beth din court of justice) as pioneers in banning prostitution (Avodah Zarah p.36a). He was "like" the Son of God because He was not yet, in actuality, the Son of Godthat is, until He was later begotten by God the Father through the agency of the Holy Spirit. 37. 47. The god whom Melchizedek serves as priest is El Elyon, a name of Canaanite origin, probably designating the high god of their pantheon.
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