Columbia University Press, New York. volume34,pages 590614 (2010)Cite this article. International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 18(3):675689. the systematic study of individuals and social structures. . As testing technology expands, decisions about more ambiguous diagnoses will be forced by earlier and more sophisticated identification of even minor differences. Select a purchase This article traces the impact of philosophical questions regarding the grounds of moral autonomy and heteronomy (rule-from-another as opposed to rule-from-oneself) on classical sociological theory, arguing that both Weber and Durkheim . Studies have found that authoritative parents are more likely to raise confident kids who achieve academic success, have . Copyright & permissions Recommend to librarian Your Details Firstname Lastname F. D. Ginsberg and R. Rapp, eds. . Ginsberg, Faye D., and Rayna Rapp 1995 Conceiving the New World Order: The Global Politics of Reproduction. Routledge, New York. Authoritative. Abstract This article discusses the manner in which social and historical factors impact upon indigenous conceptions of health and health-seeking behaviour, reinforcing their authoritative knowledge about birth and wellbeing. Qualitative Research, Representations and Social Responsibilities. Women and Health 37(2):89108. birth mothers' decisions were based on external sources of knowledge, such as their mothers, social workers, and social pressures. Authoritative Knowledge and Heteronomy in Classical Sociological Theory - John Levi Martin, 1998 Skip to main content This author attempted to use the liminal term may-be, but this has not been broadly accepted. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology 28(1):3748. New York: Routledge. Feminist Studies 26:391418. s Sociology Insights ociol nsights 1 Volue : Review ARticle The Role of Authoritative Leadership in Voluntary Organizations Carl Milofsky Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Bucknell University, USA . A sociological theory that focuses on the process of how individuals assign meaning to the world. Ladd-Taylor Molly, Lauri Umansky (eds) (1998) Bad Mothers: The Politics of Blame in Twentieth Century America. -An invention or artifact of a particular culture at different points of time, -we are the way we are because of biology. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 33:343365. What kind of training or education is essential in a democracy to counter the effects of dangerous yet charismatic leaders? f. Different segments of a society compete to achieve their own self-interest rather than cooperate to benefit others. Drawing on Said and other postcolonial theorists, we propose . After decades of research, child development experts recognize that authoritative parenting is the best style of parenting among the four Baumrind . Thachuk, Angela 2007 Midwifery, Informed Choice, and Reproductive Autonomy: A Relational Approach. Quick decisions are vital, especially in stressful and time-limited situations. i. Duden's reading of the body lends a unique historical and philosophical perspective to contemporary debate over such topics as foetal rights, reproductive technologies, abortion, and the right to privacy, and should reinvigorate the debate by calling into question contemporary certainties, andThe policies and programmes they serve to justify. Uninvolved. and Toba S. Kerson 2006 Conducting Intensive Interviews using E-mail: A Serendipitous Comparative Opportunity. aims to articulate policy and impleme nt programs likely to have the broadest McCoyd, Judith L.M. This article traces the impact of philosophical questions regarding the grounds of moral autonomy and heteronomy (rule-from-another as opposed to rule-from-oneself) on classical sociological theory. : Navigating Knowledge Gaps of Hansen's Disease in the U.S. K. Kuhns Medicine 2012 Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Liamputtong, Pranee, Jane L. Halliday, Rosemary Warren, Lyndsey F. Watson, and Robin J. Why do people embrace men like Hitler or Koresh? Rothman, Barbara Katz 1988 Reproductive Technology and the Commodification of Life. This article distinguishes each of the . Glaser, Barney G., and Anselm L. Strauss 1967 The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. 1 ASSIGNMENT No. Findings indicate that a small minority embrace the societal portrayal of technology as univalently positive, while the majority have nuanced and ambivalent responses to the use of PNDTs. It is the latter that gains dominance in what Jordan (1992) counts as authoritative Root, Robin, and Carole H. Browner 2001 Practices of the Pregnant Self: Compliance with and Resistance to Prenatal Norms. Define authoritative. Rothman, Barbara Katz 1986 Reflections: On Hard Work. Indicate whether the following statements represent functionalism (F), the conflict perspective (C), or symbolic interactionism (S). What is the difference between authoritative and authoritarian? Authoritative definition: Someone or something that is authoritative gives an impression of power and importance. The Role Of Value In Karl Mannheims Sociology Of Knowledge written by F. Warren Rempel and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories. a. 2007 Pregnancy Interrupted: Loss of a Desired Pregnancy After Diagnosis of Fetal Anomaly. Read "Physicians' Discourse for Establishing Authoritative Knowledge in Birthing Work and Reducing the Presence of the Granny Midwife, Journal of Historical Sociology" on DeepDyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. (eds) (1999) Fetal Subjects, Feminist Positions. Childbirth and authoritative knowledge: cross-cultural perspectives. business, or non-profit organizations. American Journal of Industrial Medicine 29:329337. d. Symbols are crucial to social life. Semantic Scholar is a free, AI-powered research tool for scientific literature, based at the Allen Institute for AI. He asserts that this allows humans to engage in participatory evolution. Although his intent was to indicate the ways technologies could adapt humans to space and sea environs, it is prescient, as evolution is transformed by changing the gene pool when genetic anomalies are frequently removed by way of terminating anomalous pregnancies. and no presumption, or even knowledge, of their sentiments, can warrant their representatives in a departure from it, prior to such an act. Researchers investigating behavioral differences between the sexes have now proven that several significant behaviors have a biological cause. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 50:276294. followers still look for evidence of accurate knowledge and competent performance. As predicted, women who felt stigmatized by abortion were more likely to feel a need to keep it a secret from family and friends and secrecy was related positively to suppressing thoughts of the abortion and negatively to disclosing abortion-related emotions to others. Bell 2003 Why Do Women Decline Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis? So, subordinates know to whom they should be responsible. In: Davis-Floyd R.,Dumit J. A Qualitative Study. New York: W. W. Norton. Cult Med Psychiatry 34, 590614 (2010). Sage, Thousand Oakes, CA, pp. Fuchs Victor R. ed (1972) Essays in the Economics of Health and Medical Care. if authority yields knowledge in some way analogous to the direct way in which sources like perception and memory give us knowledge, that is an important epistemological finding. Authoritative leaders can often appear to be controlling and overbearing, which means that employees that aren't used to working under this kind of leadership model often find it very difficult to adapt to. Michel Foucault is a major source for the idea in critical accounting and organizational studies that identities (selves, subjectivities) are discursively constituted. In clinics providing maternal and child care, staff and clients jointly produced authoritative knowledge, most often a version of biomedicine, a process reflecting what the authors refer to as biocentrism. McCoyd, Judith L.M. 1987; Oakley 1984) that separate women from themselves (just as the technology separates the fetal entity from the mother for diagnosis). Each style takes a different approach to raising children, offers different pros and cons, and can be identified by a number of different characteristics. Pregnant and mothering young women are constructed as socially excluded, This thesis is an exploration of representations that revise perceptions of motherhood and gender through the concept of rejection of traditional maternal ideals in American novels written between. The sociology of knowledge is the study of the relationship between human thought and the social context within which it arises, and the effects that prevailing ideas have on societies. 2009a What Do Women Want? -Conditions are viewed as problems not because of objective standards but because some social actors think they are problems. Obstetrics and Gynecology 91(5):648655. - 3.109.239.254. In: Davis-Floyd R.E., Sargent C.F. During the first half of the twentieth century, out-of-wedlock pregnancy came to be seen as one of the most urgent and compelling problems of the day. I use the term reflexive in the typical social science manner implying reflection on the multiple perspectives with which one may view any particular phenomenon. Padgett, Deborah K. 2008 Qualitative Methods in Social Work Research: Challenges and Rewards, 2nd ed. 2nd ed. Both insisted that the only possible ethical action was one within the bounds of rational knowledge that was inherently authoritative, but this sat uneasily with their focus on the relation between concrete social authority and the authoritativeness of beliefs in the sociology of religion. In contrast, single mothers based their decision on instincts and, Within public health and medical anthropology research, the study of womens agency in reproductive decision making often neglects the role of religion and womens spirituality. intuitive knowledge. Health & Social Work 35(2): 99106. Social interactions are different from the human . Movements focus on changing something (or resisting change), Movements rely on a variety of strategies to achieve their goals (both inside and outside of the government), they operate externally to sources of power in the society. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Each then produced a sociology of knowledge without a well-specified mechanism, in turn encouraging the development of the sociology of knowledge as a flawed sub-discipline. Corea, Gena, Renate Duelli Klein, Jalna Hanmer, Helen B. Holmes, Betty Hoskins, Madhu Kishwar, Janice Raymond, Robyn Rowland, and Roberta Steinbacher 1987 Man-made Women: How New Reproductive Technologies Affect Women. Cyborgs are originally conceptualized by Manford Clynes, who describes an entity both human/natural and artificial/enhanced by technology in some way. Womens Studies International Forum 24:7995. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, pp. A level sociology revision - education, families, research methods, crime and deviance and more! This leader will check and punish their employees more severely and quickly and will never involve them in complex decision making. 1 (Units: 1-4) Total Marks: 100 Pass Marks: 50 Note: All questions carry equal Read More Promoting the Contributions and Use of Sociology to Society (eds) University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. Borrow Listen. Some of the main negatives of this leadership model are that: Authoritative leaders can be overbearing. Browner Carole H., Nancy A. -Social problems are any conditions that have negative consequences for individuals or society. And sometimes, they're simply overwhelmed with other problems, like work, paying bills, and managing a household. Annual Reviews 34:741756. The authoritarian leadership style has several positive sides. Science, Technology, and Human Values 25(3):283308. Religion, politics, economics, culture, law, etc. through its Executive Office, is well positioned to provide a unique set of Feminist Studies 14:575599. Genzyme Genetics 2005 Chorionic Villi Sampling. Power refers to the ability to have one's will carried out despite the resistance of others. . Editor in Chief. This article is based. Workshop for the Institute for the Advancement of Social Work Research, Washington, DC, June 2006. Since the late 1960s, abortion has become a contested domain in American culture, one in which control over the relationships between reproduction, nurturance, sex, and gender is the object of. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 1 : having, marked by, or proceeding from authority authoritative church doctrines an authoritative decision an authoritative manner 2 : possessing recognized or evident authority : clearly accurate or knowledgeable an authoritative critique an authoritative source of information There is a distinct difference between authoritarian vs. authoritative styles of parenting. Jordan Brigitte (1997) Authoritative Knowledge and Its Construction. It is used to solve current issues and supposes a great distance in education between a board and the staff, as well as the material motivation of workers. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. second-degree murder She would also like to acknowledge the American Association of University Women for a Dissertation Grant that allowed the original study to be analyzed and documented in such a way that future studies and reanalysis such as this could be done. Data extracted from an earlier study of 30 womens responses to termination for fetal anomaly are reanalyzed to consider the womens views of, and responses to, prenatal diagnostic technologies (PNDTs). Abserace The new sociology of knowledgeexamines how kinds of social organization make whole orderings of knowledgepossible, rather than focussing on the differing social locations and interests of individuals or groups. As a fountainhead of postcolonial scholarship, Edward Said has profoundly impacted multiple disciplines. New York: Routledge. The author would like to thank Corey Shdaimah, Ph.D., for helpful feedback on early drafts of the manuscript. Rothman, Barbara Katz 1991 In Labor: Women and Power in the Birthplace. 2010a Women in No Mans Land: The U.S. What an authoritarian leader would do in this situation: Authoritarian leadership style is characterised by high power distance, "top-down" management, with a focus of power in top managers and executives. possible impact for sociology now and in the future. We draw on Jordan's concept of 'authoritative knowledge' to assess the extent to which there is a synthesis of both biomedical and locally practiced knowledge in the content and community involvement in the design of TBA a training programme in . McCoyd, Judith L.M. McCoyd, Judith L.M. The following are illustrative examples of authoritarian leadership. Davis-Floyd, Robbie E., Sargent Carolyn F. (eds) (1997) Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge: Cross-cultural Perspectives. KEYWORDS: culture, literacy, authoritative knowledge, classification and boundaries, culture-producing institutions. knowledge, pointing to resulting incompletenesses or confusions. Prenatal Diagnosis 26(10):931937. Chapter 3 Sociology 220 Ashleigh Kysar-Moon, M.A. h. Social change is constantly occurring. Gray, Chris H. 2002 Cyborg Citizen: Politics in the Posthuman Age. Qualitative Sociology 9(1):4853. 91112. Steven leslie was convicted of ________ after causing a fatal collision. Ivry, Tsipy and Elly Teman 2008 Expectant Israeli Fathers and the Medicalized Pregnancy: Ambivalent Compliance and Critical Pragmatism. Rapp, Rayna 1999 Testing Women, Testing the Fetus. Experiences and Reflections of Women after Prenatal Diagnosis and Termination for Anomaly. Oakley, Annie 1984 The Captured Womb: A History of the Medical Care of Pregnant Women. Go to Table University of Massachusetts, Amherst SOC SOC 103 possess authoritative knowledge used to define the conditions of a problem and Possess authoritative knowledge used to define the School University of Massachusetts, Amherst Course Title SOC 103 Type Notes Uploaded By n4sty Pages 14 This preview shows page 6 - 8 out of 14 pages. Power is one of the most important elements in social life. Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge offers first-hand ethnographic research conducted by anthropologists in sixteen different societies and cultures and includes the interdisciplinary perspectives of a social psychologist, a sociologist, an epidemiologist, a staff member of the World Health Organization, and a community midwife . "Authoritarian . Obstetrics and Gynecology 106:562568. The issue of timing and uncertainty of the information also are interrogated for their impact on womens lives and what that can illuminate about the theories of AK and the technological imperative. and profession serving the public good. Second, the chain of command becomes clear. Check out using a credit card or bank account with. For this paper, the compromise is fetus/baby. (eds) Cyborg Babies: From Techno-sex to Techno-tots. Finally, I shall discuss the general question of mechanisms linking social life and knowledge in both Weber and Durkheim, and suggest that some of the problems that were to plague the sociology of knowledge are related to their attempts to provide such mechanisms while holding to a Berkeley: University of California. Pregnant Women Account for Refusing Prenatal Screening. It is not a specialized area of sociology.Instead, it deals with broad fundamental questions about the extent and limits of social influences on individuals' lives and the social-cultural basis of our knowledge . By authoritative (visionary) category means a set of procedures through which a bellwether is guided by own knowledge, interests, and goals. The book is an authoritative guide to the city's restaurants. Religion, politics, economics, culture, law, etc. In Western societies the knowledge derived from the practices of biomedicine is the gold standard for medical knowledge. Rapp comments, Whatever their cultural backgrounds, most pregnant women and their supporters are concerned not so much with perfection but seek basic health and normalcy and the limits of the practical circumstances within which they undertake mothering (Ginsberg and Rapp 1999, p. 287). Science, Technology, and Human Values 29(3):291313. Despite the benefits of decriminalization, abortion clients and health professionals still experience abortion stigma and there exist critical points in the service where stigmatizing ideas and attitudes continue to be reproduced, such as the required five-day waiting period and in interactions with hospital staff who do not support access to the service. The linkages between the distribution of knowledge about birth and the use of technology; the valuation of biomedical and alternative "ways of knowing" about birth; the production of authoritative knowledge through interaction; and the relationship between authoritative knowledge and social status are explored. McCoyd, Judith L.M. The effort to define its meaning fueled a, Talk about adoption has become increasingly political, as debates swirl around the morality and viability of various forms of adoption: interracial, international, "open", and those involving single. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-010-9189-4, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11013-010-9189-4. adj. What Is Authoritative Leadership Style? Routledge, New York, pp. Whitley, Rob 2009 Mastery of Mothering Skills and Satisfaction with Associated Health Services: An Ethnocultural Comparison. He sees actors as using knowledge to engage in practical action, thus society is consciously reproduced (or transformed) in every social encounter. Libraries near you: WorldCat. Agency refers to our ability to do things. Sociology as Empirical Project -One main task of the sociologist is to uncover how structure affects human behavior/social behavior. Browner Carole H., Press Nancy A. Google Scholar. Dr. Spillman's research and teaching interests are grounded in cultural sociology and extend to economic sociology, social theory, comparative historical sociology, and political sociology. The relationship between individuals and society includes institutions like family, military, economy, politics, law, education, the workplace, religion, etc. While both have a high level of demandingness, their differing levels of responsiveness are what truly separates them from each other. Most often, women express a desire for low-tech care such as genetic counseling, social work services and support groups (Leithner et al. (eds) Fetal Subjects, Feminist Positions. What an authoritarian leader would do depends on the level of power perceived. sociologists who are faculty members at colleges and universities, researchers, Nicol, Marian 2007 Vulnerability of First-Time Expectant Mothers During Ultrasound Scans: An Evaluation of the External Pressures that Influence the Process of Informed Choice. Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, 536 George Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA, You can also search for this author in Drawing on Said and other postcolonial theorists, we propose a threefold typology of potential violence associated with the production of knowledge: (1) the violence of essentialization, (2) epistemic violence, and (3) the violence of apprehension. 1 online resource (xii, 510 pages) : Includes bibliographical references and index Introduction : the anthropology of birth / Robbie Davis-Floyd and Carolyn F. Sargent -- Authoritative knowledge and its construction / Brigitte Jordan -- An evolutionary perspective on authoritative knowledge about birth / Wenda R. Trevathan -- Fetal ultrasound imaging and the production of authoritative . 1988 Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective. Authoritative parents are warm and responsive to their child's emotional needs while holding the child to high standards. The leader holds supreme and absolute power. This can be based on the management culture of an organization or the personal style of a manager. Specifically, it focuses on the stigma attached to teenage pregnancy and parenting. Collective and sustained efforts that challenge existing or potential laws, policies, norms, or authorities, making use of extraconstitutional as well as institutional political tactics. In: Childbirth and Authoritative Knowledge: Cross-cultural Perspectives. Syntax; Advanced Search; New. 1. . 2 : having the confident quality of someone who is respected or obeyed by other people Charmaz Kathy (2000) Grounded Theory: Objectivist and Constructivist Methods. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 79(4): 441451. in English. This contributes to diminishing the power of women with regard to their own health and childbearing and in terms of their societally recognized rights to make their own decisions as well. Emily Martin has produced a powerful study of the dialectic between medical metaphors for women's reproductive processes and women's own views of those processes, exposing hidden cultural assumptions about the nature of reality. 37 PDF View 1 excerpt, cites background What's to Know? This long quotation is all included to show the progression of ever-greater testing and technology use and its impact on womens lives. Rempel, Gwen R., and Margaret J. Harrison 2007 Safeguarding Precarious Survival: Parenting Children Who Have Life-Threatening Heart Disease. Alternative and Authoritative Knowledge: The Role of Certification for Defining Expertise among Doulas Megan M. Henley First Published August 4, 2015 Research Article https://doi.org/10.1177/2329496515589851 Article information Abstract Doulas are maternity support workers who provide supportive care to women in childbirth. 105124. With over 13,200 members, ASA encompasses (Have to work hard as claimsmakers to get and maintain attention of others), Already near to sources of power (easier to conduct claimsmaking without as much attention), 3 Major theories to explain social movements, the process of shaping how we "make sense" of an issue, Discuss the nature of the troubling condition, Ways activists adjust their frames to the way those they want to recruit thing about the world, reaching out to those who support similar causes to establish links between frames and movements, Using values to rally the involvement of others, Stretching a frame to include what likely recruits may believe, Asking recruits to stop seeing the world in their normal manner and see it differently, -Arise between different social movement organizations within a social movement, Acquiring both the assets and the know-how to use them to advance the interests of the social movement organization, Money, time, legitimacy/credibility, leadership, celebrities, those that will benefit from the movement, Those who support the movement but will not benefit directly from the movement, "Defining behavior as a medical problem or illness and mandating or licensing the medical profession to provide some sort of treatment for it" ( 2 important components - Definitional and Jurisdictional), -Issues that we now think about as medical problems were not always defined that way, -Individuals given medical diagnoses are perceived as less responsible for their actions, -Based on the analysis of evidence (data), "The custom of the country renders it indecent for creditable people, even of the lowest order, to be without", Sets a minimum threshold necessary for adequate subsistence (how the U.S government defines), Sets a threshold in relation to others in the society, Begin by estimating the household costs of obtaining a minimally adequate diet over the course of a year then this number is multiplied by 3 to find the official poverty line, Ineffectiveness of American public policy in reducing levels of poverty, Most Americans will be touched by poverty at some point in their adult life, Antipoverty policies can play a huge impact at reducing rates of poverty, Implications for poverty over life course, -Poverty is widespread across the population, Health, Food Insecurity, Security and General Well-Being Not one of these can really be isolated, Upper, Upper-mid, Lower-mid, Working, Working Poor, Social Class and Background characteristics -> Human Capital and Demographic Attributes -> Vulnerability to Poverty, Structural Failings -> Societal Lack of Opportunities and Supports -> Vulnerability to Poverty, Horatio Alger Story; hard work and perseverance = success, Society is largely responsible for the individual's poverty, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology.
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