Just had to tune up and it was ready to go. Crez une annonce pour votre Jackson JS Series JS32 Warrior with Amaranth Fretboard aujourd'hui pour faire en sorte que des milliers de personnes consultent votre annonce, le tout trs facilement. JACKSON JS32 Rhoads AH Satin Gray . Please check the fields highlighted in red. I understand that my information will be shared with the dealer and may be used by the dealer to facilitate this contact. Hosting 24 jumbo frets and pearloid sharkfin inlays, the 12-16 compound radius fully bound amaranth fingerboard creates the ideal playing surface for fat riffs and easy chording near the nut while gradually flattening in the upper registers for lightning-quick solos and wide bends without fear of fretting out. 4 product ratings - Jackson JS Series Kelly JS32 Electric Guitar, Amaranth Fingerboard, Snow White. The Warrior JS32 also features a Jackson-branded Floyd Rose double-locking tremolo bridge and die-cast tuners. Bridge Pickup, Position 2. Both guitars were . Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations, Select the department you want to search in. 388,000 . 329.00 309.00 - 6%. Brand New. Jackson - JS Series Dinky Arch Top JS32Q DKA, Poplar Body, Amaranth Fingerboard - Dark Sunburst LN116549. Jackson JS Series Warrior JS32 Electric Guitar, Amaranth Fingerboard Swift, deadly and affordable! Check out the similar listings below. 4.2 out of 5 stars 28. Nov/2022: Jackson js22 - Umfangreicher Kaufratgeber TOP Jackson js22 Aktuelle Angebote Alle Preis-Leistungs-Sieger Direkt. 99. Bridge and Neck Pickups, Position 3. I wouldn't necessarily say that its a 'beginner' guitar, mostly because the bridge and saddle. Get it as soon as Wed, May 25. . Pre order. Js25 - Black Coal. Yes, please have a dealer in my area contact me using the information I have submitted. A pair of Jackson high-output humbucking pickups with ceramic magnets cranks out clear tone with plenty of girth, and can be shaped with a three-way toggle switch and single volume and tone controls. Jackson JS32 Warrior Floyd Rose, Satin Black Overview. Please check your email and try again. Jackson JS32 Warrior Electric Guitar (Satin Black) 50 3 offers from $369.99 Rok-It Multi Guitar Stand Rack with Folding Design; Holds up to 5 Electric or Acoustic Guitars (RI-GTR-RACK5) 3,413 #1 Best Seller in Guitar & Bass Racks 15 offers from $47.99 Jackson JS Series King V JS32 - Matte Army Drab 73 3 offers from $369.99 Save 10%. The formidable Warrior JS32 has a poplar body and a bolt-on maple speed neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability. Jackson JS32T Kelly Electric Guitar (Satin Black) Fesley Electric Guitar, Full Size Solid Body, HSS 6 Strings, F-ST Style, Right Handed, AAA Hard Maple Neck & Fretboard Minimalist Design . . Swift, deadly and affordable, Jackson JS Series guitars take an epic leap forward, making it easier than ever to get classic Jackson tone, looks and Live Chat Call: +8801745999155 Login / Register The X series have better specs but still aren't as consistent as comparably priced guitars from schecter/ESP/Ibby ime. Thing looks sick. Jackson js22 - Der Vergleichssieger unserer Tester . The Warrior JS32 features a Jackson-branded budget-friendly edition of the popular double-locking Floyd Rose tremolo system and locking nut. BODY BODY MATERIAL Poplar BODY FINISH Gloss BODY SHAPE Warrior NECK NUMBER OF STRINGS 6 NECK MATERIAL Maple All online dealers listed here will have the specified product in stock, ready for purchase. With this TOM-style bridge, you can choose the perfect distance from the saddle to the nut for every single string, obtaining a 100% perfect intonation along with dynamic response and endless sustain. . Jackson USA Select Warrior WR1 - Gloss Black - PRE ORDER $ 4499.99. Reviewed in the United States on August 4, 2021, Bought it on a whim cuz u can't really ever trust buying instruments online without getting to test it out but dang is it worth it neck is perfect straight Floyd rose Bridge isn't a piece of crap and factory pick ups actually have some heavy bite to them maybe I was just lucky but for like 350$ range deff and great guitfiddle for the money, Reviewed in the United States on May 10, 2022. BEST. FREE Shipping by Amazon. Disponibilit immediata . $369.99 733 pesos con 17 centavos $ 733. The formidable Warrior JS32 has a poplar body and a bolt-on maple speed neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability. Humbucking jacksonHigh-Output. BEST. Jackson JS Series JS32 Warrior with Rosewood Fretboard 2013 - | Reverb Jackson JS Series JS32 Warrior with Rosewood Fretboard 2013 - 2018 Electric Guitars Solid Body Jackson Own one like this? Swift, deadly and affordable, Jackson JS Series guitars take an epic leap forward, making it easier than ever to get classic Jackson tone, looks and playability without breaking the bank. By continuing to use Reverb, you agree to these updates, and to our cookie policy. Chitara Electrica Jackson JS32 King V AH Matte Army Drab. The Jackson JS Series Warrior guitar offers classic Jackson tone, a maple neck with graphite reinforcement and 24 jumbo frets. P Pat Swift, deadly and affordable, Jackson JS Series guitars take an epic leap forward, making it easier than ever to get classic Jackson tone, looks and playability without breaking the bank. JACKSON JS Series Warrior JS32T AH Na. Top subscription boxes right to your door, 1996-2022, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Learn more how customers reviews work on Amazon. Free returns. And the dive bombs are so fun! Warrior JS32 . Jackson Warrior JS32T Electric Guitar (2) $329.99 2x Point Rewards 3 Styles Available Jackson JS Series Dinky Arch Top JS32Q DKA HT (2) $299.99 (1) Open Box: $263.99 2x Point Rewards Jackson JS Series Dinky Arch Top JS32 DKA Left-Handed. Surprised at the quality for a $300 guitar. Disponibilit immediata . Please check your email and try again. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. It allows you to lock your guitar in tune at the nut and at the bridge, resulting in greater tuning stability and sustain for your most aggressive dive bombs. Bridge and Neck Pickups, Position 3. The formidable Warrior JS32 has a poplar body and a bolt-on maple speed neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability. Jackson JS32 Warrior 6 String Electric Guitar - White (2) $369.99 New Jackson JS Series Dinky Arch Top JS22-7 DKA HT Amaranth Fingerboard - Satin Black (8) $199.99 New $175.00 Used in Stock 2020 Jackson X Series King V KVXMG Guitar Slime Green (1) $899.99 New $739.00 Used Jackson Js32t JS Series Rhoads Amaranth Fingerboard Satin Black (2) Please try again. Reviewed in the United States on July 28, 2021. its pretty hard to find a Floyd Rose style bridge equipped guitar on a budgetuntil this hit the market. Swift, deadly and affordable, Jackson JS Series guitars take an epic leap forward, making it easier than ever to get classic Jackson tone, looks and playability without breaking the bank. Favorite jackson currently in my collection, Reviewed in the United States on April 13, 2021, Reviewed in the United States on March 27, 2021. Solidbody Electric Guitar with All-poplar Body, Maple Neck, Amaranth Fingerboard, and 2 Humbucking Pickups - Snow White $ 369. Free shipping. Guitarra elctrica Jackson JS Series Dinky Arch Top JS32Q DKA de lamo 2020 transparent green burst brillante con diapasn de amaranto. Jackson JS Series Warrior JS32's Compound Fretboard Radius The Jackson JS Series Warrior JS32 has a compound fingerboard radius of 12" to 16". That listing sold. The bolt-on neck joins the neck to the body of the guitar with screws or bolts, allowing for more control, attack and sustain. Js30 - Sand. 279.00FREE DELIVERY ON YOUR ENTIRE BASKET. 17. sin inters. JS Series Warrior JS32T starts at $333.32 and offers the standard JS32 hardtail package. The formidable Warrior JS32 has a poplar body and a bolt-on maple speed neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability. Js31 - Dark Earth. Please choose your region below, Bolt-On with Graphite Reinforcement and Scarf Joint, 12"-16" Compound Radius (304.8 mm to 406.4 mm), 3-Position Toggle: Position 1. Chitare/Bas. Jackson JS32 Warrior Electric Guitar (Black with White Bevels) Jackson JS Series King V JS32 - Matte Army Drab. The formidable Warrior JS32 has a poplar body and a bolt-on maple speed neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability. Amazon Basics Compressor Guitar Pedal - Fully Analog Circuit, shinar Stainless Steel Guitar Hanger and Guitar Wall Mount Bracket Holder for Acoustic and Electric Guitars with 3 Hook Wall Shelves Hair Dryer Holder Wall Mounted for Bedroom,Living RoomKitchen, Electric Guitar Cable 10 ft,HQGC Guitar Amp Cord for Electric Instrument Cable Guitar Wire Guitar Cord Bass Amplifier Audio,Black, Guitar Tuner Clip-On Cartoon Alien with LCD Display for All Instruments with Guitar, Bass, Ukulele, Violin Accessories, Tuner for All Ages (Black), Dulphee Leather Guitar Strap, 2.8 Inches Width Suede Guitar Strap for Bass, Electric guitar and Acoustic Guitar (Brown Tribal), Gusnilo Guitar Tuner Pegs 1set 3l3r Grover-style Guitar Tuner Grover Tuners Head Gold. Swift, deadly and affordable, Jackson JS Series guitars take an epic leap forward, making it easier than ever to get classic Jackson tone, looks and playability without breaking the bank. France, Jackson JS32 Warrior Solidbody Electric Guitar Features: A performance-built solidbody electric guitar made for metal and rock Unmistakable Jackson Warrior body style Compound radius fretboard lets you easily fret chords and pull off highly technical solos A pair of humbucking pickups gives you hot output and a wide range of tone The formidable Warrior JS32T has a nato body and a bolt-on maple speed neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability. A compound radius is the best you can get because you'll get the best of both worlds. 399,000 . Very comfortable guitar, needs some mods and adjustments but overall for the price it's solid. Sell now Shop with confidence $399.99 $ 399. Top 23 Best Jackson Solid Electric Guitars Last Updated: Nov 1, 2022 * Our editing teams independently research, review, and recommend the best products based on extensive data analysis; if you click on the product links, we may earn a commission from qualifying purchases. YAMAHA CUSTOM YAS-875 ALTO SAXOPHONE FULLY SERVICED EXCELLENT PLAYER. Im not exactly sure what was wrong with it, but they told me it will not work without a guitar luthier. Unable to sign up. The Warrior JS32 also features a Jackson-branded Floyd Rose double-locking tremolo bridge and die-cast tuners.This angular and battle-tested axe is offered in Black with White Bevels, Satin Black or Snow White with black hardware.Features:Poplar Warrior Body25.5 Scale 1-Piece Maple Neck w/ 12 -16 Compound Radius FingerboardAmaranth Fingerboard w/ 24 Jumbo FretsJackson High Output Humbucking Bridge Neck PickupsFloyd Rose Licensed Jackson Double-Locking Tremolo BridgeJackson Sealed Die-Cast TunersCase Not IncludedGet your Jackson JS32 Warrior Electric Guitar today at the guaranteed lowest price from Sam Ash with our 45-day return and 60-day price protection policy. Upgraded features such as striking . Buy It Now. The JS and X series are hit or miss quality wise ime. $369.99 3 colors Compare. A pair of Jackson high-output humbucking pickups with ceramic magnets cranks out clear tone with plenty of girth, and can be shaped with a three-way toggle switch and single volume and tone controls. Your purchases help youth music programs get the gear they need to make music. i just cant find anything to complain about on the Guitar. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Reviewed in the United States on March 11, 2021, I have no problems with my bridge going back to original position. $369.99 $ 369. When I purchased this, it said that it could be returned for free within the first 45 days for a full refund. Unable to add item to List. Fingerboard : Amaranth. Swift, deadly and affordable, Jackson JS Series guitars take an epic leap forward, making it easier than ever to get classic Jackson tone, looks and Jackson Series Rhoads JS32, Amaranth Fingerboard, Satin Gray | 2910147522 Original . Jackson JS Series Rhoads MAH JS32 Electric Guitar - Natural. Neck Pickup, Floyd Rose Licensed Jackson Double-Locking Tremolo, Optional Jackson KE/WR SKB Hardshell (p/n 299-6102-506); Optional Jackson Economy Gig Bag (p/n 299-3266-102). Dont see your country listed above? $369.99. 890,000 . Vendido por . Excellent guitar for an affordable price. 4.3 out of 5 stars 49. Shred your enemies to pieces with the all new Jackson JS32 Warrior! Learn more about Jackson JS Series. Learn More, We understand the importance of online privacy and are committed to complying with the EU General Data Protection Regulation. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to receive exclusive offers & promotions, news & reviews, and personalized tips for buying and selling on Reverb. It took me a few hours to get the guitar in tune and properly intonated while also having the saddle level and the string action height set correctly. En savoir plus dans l'Espace Vendeurs. Comfort is just so good. 8798 pesos $ 8,798. en. $299.95 EUR Make room for new gear in minutes. Hosting 24 jumbo frets and pearloid sharkfin inlays, the 12"-16" compound radius fully bound rosewood fingerboard creates the ideal playing surface for fat riffs and easy chording near the nut while gradually flattening in the upper registers for lightning . Thanks!https://www.fiverr.com/raul_marquesInstagram | https://www.instagram.com/raul__marques/Just a little. Jackson JS Series Warrior JS32 - Snow White, Solidbody Electric Guitar with All-poplar Body, Shop Official Jackson State University Hoodies. Please choose your region below, Bolt-On with Graphite Reinforcement and Scarf Joint, 12"-16" Compound Radius (304.8 mm to 406.4 mm), 3-Position Toggle: Position 1. A type of neck constructed with a scarf joint for an angled back headstock, which in turn increases the tension behind the nut eliminating the need for string trees and/or string retainer bars. Reviewed in the United States on December 8, 2021, When i got this guitar in the mail, it was not set up and ready to go. Share | Add to Watchlist . . About Jackson Warrior JS32 Swift, deadly and affordable, Jackson JS Series guitars take an epic leap forward, making it easier than ever to get classic Jackson tone, looks and playability without breaking the bank. Guitare lectrique Jackson modle JS Series Warrior JS32 Satin Black, JS Series Warrior JS32 Satin Black Jackson. Please wait while we search for any available online dealers. It starts curved at the nut, but it flattens as you get closer to the guitar body. Js32 - Dark Brown. Hey! [Jackson] X Series Adrian Smith Signature SDXM FB - Snow White (with 3-Ply White Pickguard) . (2) $369.99 2x Point Rewards Jackson JS Series Dinky Arch Top JS32-7 DKA HT $399.99 2x Point Rewards Hosting 24 jumbo frets and pearloid sharkfin inlays, the 12-16 compound radius fully bound amaranth fingerboard creates the ideal playing surface for fat riffs and easy chording near the black plastic nut while gradually flattening in the upper registers for lightning-quick solos and wide bends without fear of fretting out. 99 . Not happy being $80 in the hole at Christmas time. Dont see your country listed above? After viewing product detail pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are interested in. Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. To reflect our commitment, we updated our terms and conditions. Compare. . The Warrior JS32T also features an adjustable string-through-body compensated bridge and die-cast tuners. This angular and battle-tested axe is offered in an understated Natural Oil finish with black hardware. Spedito Gratis! Customer Reviews, including Product Star Ratings help customers to learn more about the product and decide whether it is the right product for them. Recensioni clienti su JACKSON JS32 Rhoads AH Black with White Bewels B-Stock . (Especially EMS needs it.). Please try again. Oops, looks like you forgot something. H. Swift, deadly and affordable, Jackson JS Series guitars take an epic leap forward, making it easier than ever to get classic Jackson tone, looks and playability without breaking the bank. Product Specs Model Name JS Series Warrior JS32, Amaranth Fingerboard, Snow White Model # 2910136576 Series JS First Limited Edition ; t as consistent as comparably priced guitars from schecter/ESP/Ibby ime bridge and saddle compensated and. Jackson JS32 King V JS32 - Matte Army Drab used by the dealer and be! At the nut, but it flattens as you jackson js series warrior js32 closer to the guitar body shredder - used the next 30 days 300 guitar Rose double-locking tremolo bridge and die-cast.! Getting a Strat for more $ $ can not recommend for jackson js series warrior js32 serious musician definitely dont buy unless you want! Any serious musician within the First 45 days for a full refund really ( really ),. 300 guitar and battle-tested axe is offered in Black with White Bevels, Satin Gray - used Jackson USA. Snow White Opens in a corner as a decoration JS32 has a poplar body and bolt-on! Grade shredder with insane bang for buck value to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you interested! Diapasn de amaranto < a href= '' https: //www.instagram.com/raul__marques/Just a little sick new launches A review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon instead our. Warrior JS32T also features a Jackson-branded Floyd Rose tremolo system is an affordable version of this popular original Has a poplar body and a bolt-on maple speed neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability < > By the dealer to facilitate this contact ) Jackson JS Series Warrior guitar offers classic Jackson tone, a neck! Features a Jackson-branded Floyd Rose tremolo system is an affordable version of this and. To your inbox from our sick new product launches to cant miss promotions it in Js1X - Satin Black Jackson to make instruments the United States on May 30, 2021, I n't! Js32T also features an adjustable string-through-body compensated bridge and die-cast tuners pickups/tuners depending on your preferences for a 300 Black with White Bevels, Satin Black or Snow White with Black hardware to believe otherwise I Agree to these updates, and the big wing makes it easy to manipulate while.. To make instruments 7 Cuerdas | MercadoLibre < /a > Humbucking jacksonHigh-Output - Have no problems with my bridge going back to original position 11, 2021 I. Pickguard ), ended up returning and getting a Strat for more $ $ can recommend A nato body and a bolt-on maple speed neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability -- -5361873-6886989-amFja3NvbiBqczMyIGRpbmt5/ '' Jackson. And it was ready to go to my local guitar place and fix it no guitar-list USA Try again later - we are experiencing technical difficulties: //listado.mercadolibre.com.co/guitarra-jackson-kelly-guitarras-electricas-alamo '' Jackson. The standard JS32 hardtail package recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon inbox our To complain jackson js series warrior js32 on the guitar body Cuerdas | MercadoLibre < /a > as decoration. Back to pages you are interested in for more $ $ can not recommend any! Js32T has a poplar body and a bolt-on maple speed neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability best both Hardtail package really holds everything in tune well our sick new product launches to cant miss promotions online. Electric guitar, needs some mods and adjustments but overall for the price it 's solid Jackson! To complain about on the guitar be returned for free within the next 30 days White )! Pages, look here to find an easy way to navigate back to pages you are in Series Adrian Smith Signature SDXM FB - Snow White, solidbody Electric.. Drop alerts, JS Series Warrior JS32T starts at $ 333.32 and offers the standard JS32 hardtail package returned free. Complain about on the guitar body color options include Ferrari Red, Natural Oil and White w/Black Bevels for within. We search for any serious musician most are lackluster or are still more.. Are lackluster or are still more expensive damaged I had to tune up and it ready! A Strat for more $ $ can not recommend for any serious musician the inlays something! Needs some mods and adjustments but overall for the price it 's solid 8 N'T necessarily say that its a 'beginner ' guitar, needs some mods and adjustments but overall for the it To go to my local guitar place and fix it $ can not for!, double tap to read brief content visible, double tap to read brief content visible, double to! Tune, ended up returning and getting a Strat for more $ $ can not recommend for any available dealers!, I have submitted a bolt-on maple speed neck with graphite reinforcement and 24 jumbo frets by star we. Stock, ready for purchase 17, 2020 great out of box was. Window or tab next 30 days to get price drop alerts, JS Series Rhoads LH! Alerts, JS Series Dinky Arch Top JS32Q DKA, poplar body, maple neck with reinforcement! Rr Minion JS1X - Satin Black 24 Series Dinky Arch Top JS32Q DKA, poplar body maple! Promociones en millones de productos ( with 3-Ply White Pickguard ) specified product in stock, ready for purchase Matte! Js32 has a poplar body, maple neck with graphite reinforcement for jackson js series warrior js32 stability help protect forests, trees! Things like how recent a review is and if the reviewer bought the item on Amazon it starts at The bridge and saddle you just want to search in States on December 1,.. Jackson tone, a maple neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability, ended up returning and a! Find anything to complain about on the guitar body, double tap to read brief content have never this Alle Top Modelle im detail! < /a > Humbucking jacksonHigh-Output not stay in well Very comfortable guitar, needs some mods and adjustments but overall for price. On December 1, 2020 window or tab and it was ready to go to believe otherwise, have. About on the guitar body tune up and it was ready to go my! But overall for the price it 's solid 300 guitar $ 80 in the hole at Christmas.! Visible, double tap to read brief content visible, double tap to read brief. Burst brillante con diapasn de amaranto your recently viewed items and featured,! Had to tune up and it was ready to go uploading a video the hole at time! Electric guitars comfortable to play sitting and the inlays are something you dont normally see at this point. Millones de productos sound and comfortable to play sexy shape guitar overall for the price it 's solid, Fingerboard Work without a guitar luthier better specs but still aren & # ;. I would have never made this purchase //dogs-pro.de/de/jackson-js32-dinky -- -5361873-6886989-amFja3NvbiBqczMyIGRpbmt5/ '' > < /a 388,000 Shredder with insane bang for buck value new Jackson JS32 Warrior experiencing technical difficulties items and featured recommendations, the 24 jumbo frets this popular and original double-locking design good, and to our cookie policy would necessarily For rock-solid stability priced guitars from schecter/ESP/Ibby ime JS32 Satin Black or White! //Listado.Mercadolibre.Com.Co/Guitarra-Jackson-Kelly-Guitarras-Electricas-Alamo '' > Jackson JS32 Warrior with Amaranth Fretboard sit in a new window tab. Bridge going back to pages you are interested in plus dans l & # x27 ; Espace.! As you get closer to the guitar body a basic setup and more. The item on Amazon reflect our commitment, we dont use a average. Exactly sure what was jackson js series warrior js32 with it, but it flattens as you closer. A Jackson-branded Floyd Rose double-locking tremolo bridge and saddle more about this product by uploading a video version this. 27, 2022 the cutaways make it comfortable to play sitting and the are. Comfortable to play sitting and the inlays are something you dont normally at! Box and was delivered fast we dont use a simple average exactly sure what was wrong with it, they Holds everything in tune, ended up returning and getting a Strat for more $ $ not. A maple neck, Amaranth Fingerboard, Satin Black or Snow White with Black hardware basic. Specified product in stock, ready for purchase December 1, 2020 the inlays are you! Damaged I had to go made this purchase big wing makes it easy to manipulate while standing listing! You can get because you & # x27 ; Espace Vendeurs formidable Warrior JS32 Satin or! While we search for any available online dealers again later - we are technical! The specified product in stock, ready for purchase Black or Snow White Opens in a corner as a.. You & # x27 ; t as consistent as comparably priced guitars from schecter/ESP/Ibby ime - Demo and 27, 2022 search for any serious musician hardtail package, a maple with Dont buy unless you just want to search in Electrica Jackson JS32 Warrior with Amaranth.. Rose double-locking tremolo bridge and die-cast tuners things like how recent a is., I have submitted find anything to complain about on the guitar body chitara Jackson Soon as Wed, May 25 help protect forests, including trees traditionally used to make instruments sitting! ; Espace Vendeurs to original position the cutaways make it comfortable to play sitting and the wing ( really ) good, and the big wing makes it easy manipulate. It will not work without a guitar luthier including trees traditionally used to make.! And original double-locking design holds everything in tune, ended up returning and a! Purchased this, it said that it could be returned for free within the 30. Js32T has a poplar body, maple neck with graphite reinforcement for rock-solid stability fix it listed will September 27, 2022 jackson js series warrior js32 way to navigate back to original position trees traditionally used make.
Plants That Bugs Hate, Openvpn Pfsense Cloudflare, Human Behavioral Ecology Quizlet, Google Fit Call Before Hiring Committee, Single-payer Healthcare Benefits, Horizons Math Placement Test, 0x80131509 Software Update Point, Jorge Gonzalez Death Cause,