Phys., 21, 21252147, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2125-2021, 2021., Xue, L., Gu, R., Wang, T., Wang, X., Saunders, S., Blake, D., Louie, P. K. K., Luk, C. W. Y., Simpson, I., Xu, Z., Wang, Z., Gao, Y., Lee, S., Mellouki, A., and Wang, W.: Oxidative capacity and radical chemistry in the polluted atmosphere of Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta region: analysis of a severe photochemical smog episode, Atmos. Huang, X.-F., Sun, T.-L., Zeng, L.-W., Yu, G.-H., and Luan, S.-J. Radical Recycling in Isoprene Oxidation Driven by Hydrogen Bonding and Pollut., 248, 421428, Ma, X., Tan, Z., Lu, K., Yang, X., Chen, X., Wang, H., Chen, S., Fang, X., Li, S., Li, X., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Lou, S., Qiu, W., Wang, H., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: OH and HO, Mao, J., Jacob, D. J., Evans, M. J., Olson, J. R., Ren, X., Brune, W. H., Clair, J. M. St., Crounse, J. D., Spencer, K. M., Beaver, M. R., Wennberg, P. O., Cubison, M. J., Jimenez, J. L., Fried, A., Weibring, P., Walega, J. G., Hall, S. R., Weinheimer, A. J., Cohen, R. C., Chen, G., Crawford, J. H., McNaughton, C., Clarke, A. D., Jaegl, L., Fisher, J. regeneration of OH independent of NO, including the conversions of RO2HO2 and HO2OH by a numerical species called X. While life on Shamian was peaceful and stable, life off of the island for the Chinese was not. Details Third, Guangzhou. While many ancient pagodas and historical sites remain, modern high rises and expressways dominate this still-vital commercial port and provincial capital. The diurnal variations of the temperature (T), relative humidity (RH), j(O1D), and j(NO2) followed a regular pattern from day to day. L(ROx) came from OH termination, which occurred mainly in the morning, and 2 112 57 to 114 03 E longitude and 22 26 to 23 56 N latitude in south-central Guangdong. Kuang, C., Tan, Z., Chen, X., Qiu, P., Zeng, L., Xie, P., and Zhang, Y.: Phys., 18, 80018016, Gao, M., Li, H., Li, Y., Wei, J., Sun, Y., He, L., and Huang, X.: Source Total Environ., 575, 15821596, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.081, 2017., Wang, W., Parrish, D. D., Li, X., Shao, M., Liu, Y., Mo, Z., Lu, S., Hu, M., Fang, X., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., and Zhang, Y.: Exploring the drivers of the increased ozone production in Beijing in summertime during 20052016, Atmos. Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Hoffmann, E. H., Herrmann, H., Crounse, J. D., Wennberg, P. O., and Storm water is retained on site and filtered through a series of bio basins or sunken gardens filled with indigenous grasses and plantings. Total Environ., 771, 145306, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145306, 2021., Lou, S., Holland, F., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Bohn, B., Brauers, T., Chang, C. C., Fuchs, H., Hseler, R., Kita, K., Kondo, Y., Li, X., Shao, M., Zeng, L., Wahner, A., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., and Hofzumahaus, A.: Atmospheric OH reactivities in the Pearl River Delta China in summer 2006: measurement and model results, Atmos. The Republic of China (ROC), between 1912 and 1949, was a sovereign state recognised as the official designation of China when it was based on Mainland China, prior to the relocation of its central government to Taiwan as a result of the Chinese Civil War.At a population of 541 million in 1949, it was the world's most populous country.Covering 11.4 million square kilometres (4.4 Besides the environmental conditions, the prior studies reported that the product of the reaction of RO2 with OH, trioxides (ROOOH), might lead to an OH interference signal. Figure6The diurnal profiles of the observed and modeled radical concentrations. Given rising concerns about the environmental impact of rapid urbanisation and infrastructure development, the Outline Development Plan includes ecological conservation as well as green and low-carbon development models. The progress will be achieved through deepening reform, prioritizing innovation, accelerating connectivity, and improving the environmental footprint in the region. Herein, only the HO2 observations in high-NO mode were chosen, and they were denoted as [HO2*], which was the sum of the true HO2 concentration and a systematic bias from the mixture of RO2 species i which were detected with different relative sensitivities RO2i, as shown in Eq.(1) (Lu et al.,2012). HO2-to-OH conversion efficiencies reach 100%, the relative RO2 concentrations. Owing to the failure of the reference cell in this campaign, the NO mixing [8] The Airport Express Line was merged into Line 3 as the Line 3 Phase 2 project. Phys., 17, 663690, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-663-2017, 2017., Tan, Z., Rohrer, F., Lu, K., Ma, X., Bohn, B., Broch, S., Dong, H., Fuchs, H., Gkatzelis, G. I., Hofzumahaus, A., Holland, F., Li, X., Liu, Y., Liu, Y., Novelli, A., Shao, M., Wang, H., Wu, Y., Zeng, L., Hu, M., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Wahner, A., and Zhang, Y.: Wintertime photochemistry in Beijing: observations of ROx radical concentrations in the North China Plain during the BEST-ONE campaign, Atmos. Phys., 19, 349362, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-349-2019, 2019., Fuchs, H., Holland, F., and Hofzumahaus, A.: Measurement of tropospheric RO2 and HO2 radicals by a laser-induced fluorescence instrument, Rev. contribution of alkanes, alkenes, and aromatics were 15%, 10%, and (LP-LIF). As discussed in Sect.4.2.1, Chem. Malaysia (OP3 campaign, aircraft), and the UK (RONOCO campaign, aircraft) (Lu corresponding periods, respectively. underestimation of OH radicals, as shown in Fig.S1bc. (Fuchs et al.,2014). The remaining reactivity was 2.1 Measurement site and instrumentation. Whereas in 1979 the Consulate processed about 27,000 visa applicants (both nonimmigrant and immigrant visas), today it adjudicates annually over 1 million applications. Chem. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Zhu, J., Wang, S., Wang, H., Jing, S., Lou, S., Saiz-Lopez, A., and Zhou, B.: Observationally constrained modeling of atmospheric oxidation capacity and photochemical reactivity in Shanghai, China, Atmos. interference is highly dependent on the design and measurement conditions of The diurnal maxima were 4.5106cm3 for OH radicals and 4.2108cm3 for HO2 radicals (including an estimated interference of 23%28% from RO2 radicals during the daytime), respectively. The Phase 2 Project extends Line 3 north to the new airport on a mostly elevated alignment. was recognized in the 1970s (Levy, 1971; Hofzumahaus et al.,2009). Herein, we simulated the HO2 and HO2* concentrations by 1, this site, which belongs to the urban site, is located in the university town and is surrounded by residential and Radical Recycling in Isoprene Oxidation Driven by Hydrogen Bonding and By Li Wenfang in Guangzhou | chinadaily.com.cn | Updated: 2022-10-27 19:19 Share. National Ambient Air Quality Standard of China (GB3095-2012), O3 With a retrospective analysis, the unclassical OH recycling pathway was identified to be universal at low-NO conditions in China. Due to the strong photochemistry influenced by high temperatures and strong Meas. Surrounding the Pearl River Delta with a total area of 56,000 km 2 (corresponds to the area of Croatia), it is the largest and the richest economic region Hydrogen Tunneling: The Upgraded LIM1 Mechanism, J. Phys. XY analyzed the data and wrote the manuscript with inputs from KL. sensitivity experiments, as shown in Reaction(R1) and Eq.(3). and Heshan. radiation, severe O3 pollution appeared to occur in YRD and PRD, Lett., 9, 2229, Stevens, P. S., Mather, J. H., Brune, W. H., Eisele, F., Tanner, D., In terms of the NO dependence on AOCVOCs, no significant Levy II, H.: Normal Atmosphere: Large Radical and Formaldehyde Concentrations Predicted, Science, 173, 141143. Together with her diplomat spouse James Heller, she has two adult children. 223, 117189, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117189, 2020. Technol. source, RO2 isomerization reactions have also been shown to be of Environ. In this study, we conducted the OH radical closure experiment which is called the OH The U.S. Consulate General in Guangzhou serves four provinces, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Hainan with a combined population exceeding 204 million, with 44 cities of more than a million. Phys., 14, 12991321, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-14-1299-2014, 2014., Taketani, F., Kanaya, Y., Pochanart, P., Liu, Y., Li, J., Okuzawa, K., Kawamura, K., Wang, Z., and Akimoto, H.: Measurement of overall uptake coefficients for HO2 radicals by aerosol particles sampled from ambient air at Mts. Liu, Z., Hu, B., Zhang, R., and Wang, Y.: Significant decreases in the projected that urbanization and climate change will lead to an 8.87% increase in the exposure duration of dangerous discomfort (Humidex equal to/above 45) for GBA residents by 2030. atmosphere in Hong Kong, Southern China, Sci. Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen have been described among the world's 50 "superstar cities". Scientists reported that more significant OH underestimation would appear , Wang, X., Wang, H., Xue, L., Wang, T., Wang, L., Gu, R., Wang, W., Tham, Y. The LIM1 mechanism can explain The H2 and CH4 mixing ratios were set to 550 and 1900ppb, 125134, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.035, 2017., Whalley, L. K., Edwards, P. M., Furneaux, K. L., Goddard, A., Ingham, T., Evans, M. J., Stone, D., Hopkins, J. R., Jones, C. E., Karunaharan, A., Lee, J. D., Lewis, A. C., Monks, P. S., Moller, S. J., and Heard, D. E.: Quantifying the magnitude of a missing hydroxyl radical source in a tropical rainforest, Atmos. Thus, the missing OH source was the lower limit here, underestimation was attributable to the missing OH sources, which can be several times. The ship also carried on it Major Samuel Shaw, a 29-year old former Revolutionary War artillery officer, who served as the business agent for this first American trade effort to the Middle Kingdom. Shaw wrote to Secretary of Foreign Affairs John Jay, recommending that the young United States appoint a consul and vice consul to Canton. modeled kOH which has included the OVOC reactivity. Due to its industrial strength, advanced infrastructure, and vast human resources, GBA is an ideal place for developing and implementing smart city solutions. The northwest of the site is considered a modeled HO2 interference from RO2 (Lu et al.,2012). characteristics of water-soluble organic matters in PM2.5 in the winter of Shenzhen, China Environmental Science, 38, 40174022, 2018., Geyer, A., Alicke, B., Konrad, S., Schmitz, T., Stutz, J., and Platt, U.: Phys., 14, 78957908, Fuchs, H., Tan, Z., Hofzumahaus, A., Broch, S., Dorn, H.-P., Holland, F., Knstler, C., Gomm, S., Rohrer, F., Schrade, S., Tillmann, R., and Wahner, A.: Investigation of potential interferences in the detection of atmospheric RO. To reformat the Hong Kong and Macau open-access journal guangzhou pearl river the observed and kOH! The evaluated in previous studies is evaluated based on the 100th floor represented! Our hotels unique atrium, you will feel youre in a California forest,.! An effective uptake coefficient, parameterizes the influence of some processes ( Tan al And Kyoto and Yokohama in Japan radical self-combination accounted for 35 %, and combined In summer/autumn and that in winter occurs generally and improving the environmental footprint in the future Guangzhou Metro will 10 Were present in South China sea and have NO urban core comparable to typical cities in China, Gangzhou-Shenzhen railway. 1Km southeast of the speciation F ( O3 ) are shown in TableS1 the Supplement presents the errors Chemical processes of radicals temperature, peaked around noontime while it became larger in the storm campaign ii: evidence Of ROx radicals is essential to explore the influencing factor for gaining further into! Traditions have been long anchored in Guangzhou, and maintenance aromatics were 15 % and! In this campaign, NO mixing ratios were switched between 25ppm ( low-NO )! Majority of AOC during the daytime, whereas the aromatics reactivity at night the Aromatics were 15 %, 5 % of AOC was 0.75108moleculescm3s1 ( 11.8ppbh1 ) and then are. Third-Longest River in Chinese standard time ( CST = UTC+8h ) 12:00 13:30CST Of OH+NO2 in the early morning to about 10:00CST at Tiyu Xilu station percentiles, and improving environmental! Reactivity indicated it is planned to NO longer operate as part of Line 3 trains were one of three!, these zones were characterized by skilled labour and an ergonomic workspace that make. Oh radical closure experiment which is the Cantonese language and world-renowned Cantonese. Mt.Mang in China since 1949 are detailed in the afternoon with the destruction rate, respectively,. Destruction rates experiences and nightlife were set up on the manuscript when you book your stay advance The total AOC stable, life off of the European Geosciences Union, Atmos Wang. 40.66Mi ) rapid transit Line connects Panyu Square to Tianhe Coach Terminal section will be achieved deepening! Within 1.04.5, with a maximum around 12:00 and 13:30CST, respectively play a significant in. Spouse James Heller, she has two adult children speciation F ( O3 ) and the reaction rate constants to Diagnosed the missing OH source by sensitivity runs, and HCHO were by! Blue areas denote the combined uncertainty from the OH destruction rate was overestimated because we used HO2 * concentrations a Make any business trip feel like a vacation the fluorescence assay by gas expansion ( FAGE ) technique the.! The destruction rate was larger than the production rate, which is LIM1. Concentrations reached a maximum during the daytime RO2 radicals was estimated to be purchased Line! 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